Cd
A toxic heavy metal with major sources in tobacco smoke and industrial exposure.
What is it
Cadmium exposure occurs primarily through tobacco smoke and certain industrial sources. It accumulates in the kidneys over a lifetime.
Why it's measured
Cadmium has been associated with kidney damage, bone density loss, and certain cancers in published research.
Reference range
Standard laboratory reference
< 5 μg/L
Reference ranges vary by laboratory. Your individual reference range will appear on your test report and should be interpreted by your physician in the context of your overall health profile.
What results may indicate
Elevated
Has been associated with kidney, bone, and oncologic risks in research literature.
Lower
Generally considered favorable.
These associations are general. They are not a personal diagnosis or prediction. Discuss your individual results with your physician in the context of your full health profile.
When it's measured
Measured when exposure is suspected or in comprehensive heavy metal panels.
Related markers
Measured in
A complete look at your heart, hormones, metabolism, inflammation, and longevity systems — drawn at Quest or LabCorp, reviewed by a U.S.-licensed physician.
Explore the Apex Panel →This information is for general educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Lab results alone are not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any condition and do not replace the advice of a healthcare provider. OPTML does not offer medical advice, a diagnosis, medical treatment, or any form of medical opinion.