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The complete testosterone calculator suite.

Four physician-built tools in one place: calculate your free testosterone with the Vermeulen formula, check your level against age-matched reference ranges, screen for low-T symptoms, and convert estradiol units. No login. No email required.

Quick Answer

Adult male total testosterone reference range: typically 300-1000 ng/dL, with the optimal target depending on age. Free T (Vermeulen calculation) is often more clinically relevant, since it represents the bioavailable hormone after SHBG binding. Symptoms of low T (low energy, libido, mood, sleep quality) screened with the ADAM questionnaire correlate with biochemical low-T at total T below ~400 ng/dL.

Sources: Vermeulen A et al. JCEM 1999 · Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines
1 Free testosterone calculator

Calculate your Free T using the Vermeulen formula.

Total testosterone tells you how much hormone is circulating, but only free and bioavailable testosterone is what your body can actually use. Enter your lab values to calculate both, using the same Vermeulen et al. (1999) formula clinicians rely on.

Your lab values

ng/dL
nmol/L
g/dL
Enter your total testosterone, SHBG, and albumin values to calculate your free and bioavailable testosterone.
Free testosterone
--
ng/dL (-- pg/mL)
--%
% Free of total
--
Bioavailable (ng/dL)
Vermeulen, A. et al. (1999). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Reference range for free T: ~50-200 pg/mL (5-20 ng/dL) varies by lab. Optimal: 100-200 pg/mL.
2 Reference range by age

Is your testosterone normal for your age?

"Normal" depends on your age. Testosterone naturally declines about 1-2% per year after age 30. Enter your age and total testosterone to see where you fall within the age-matched reference range, and whether your level is in the optimal zone.

Your details

years
ng/dL
Enter your age and total testosterone to see your age-matched reference range and where you fall within it.
Your level
--
ng/dL
--
Low end (age --)
--
High end
Reference ranges based on LabCorp/Quest standardized assays. "Optimal" range (600-900 ng/dL) reflects symptom-free, energy-rich physiology, distinct from the broader "normal" range used for diagnosis.
3 Low-T symptom score

How likely are your symptoms from low testosterone?

The ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males) questionnaire is a 10-question screener developed at Saint Louis University and validated in clinical practice. Answer honestly, your responses stay on this device.

Question 1 of 10
Question 1
Do you have a decrease in libido (sex drive)?
Answer all 10 questions to see your ADAM score, what it likely indicates, and what to do next.
ADAM screening result
--
-- of 10 symptoms reported
Morley JE et al. (2000) Metabolism. The ADAM questionnaire is a screener, not a diagnosis. A positive screen warrants a morning total testosterone blood test (and usually a confirmatory second draw).
4 Estrogen (E2) converter

Convert estradiol units and check the T:E2 ratio.

U.S. labs report estradiol in pg/mL; many international labs use pmol/L. Convert between units instantly, and if you enter your total testosterone, we'll compute your T:E2 ratio, a key marker for men on TRT.

Estradiol input

pg/mL
ng/dL
Enter your estradiol value to convert between pg/mL and pmol/L. Add total testosterone for the T:E2 ratio.
Converted value
--
pmol/L
--
pg/mL
--
pmol/L
Conversion factor: pg/mL × 3.671 = pmol/L. Optimal range for men: 20-40 pg/mL (73-147 pmol/L) on a sensitive assay. T:E2 ratio target: 10-20+ (T in ng/dL ÷ E2 in pg/mL).
Pair with these tools

Round out the full picture.

Testosterone is one piece of the system. These tools fill in the rest, body composition, longevity, and the metabolic machinery that supports hormone optimization.

Deep reads

Articles worth your time.

Hand-picked guides from our physician-edited library covering every angle of testosterone optimization, free T, SHBG, and estrogen management.

How these calculators work

Each of the four tools above answers a different question men have about testosterone, and together they give you a far more useful picture than any single number on a lab report. Here's what each one is doing under the hood and how to interpret the output.

Free testosterone (Vermeulen formula)

Most of the testosterone in your blood is bound to two proteins, about 60% to SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) and ~38% to albumin. Only ~1-3% floats freely, and only the free + albumin-bound fraction (called bioavailable testosterone) can interact with your tissues. The Vermeulen formula uses your total T, SHBG, and albumin to back-calculate this active fraction. Free T is the most important number when total T looks "normal" but you still feel symptomatic, high SHBG can leave plenty of total T while choking off the usable fraction.

Why it matters: If your total T is 550 ng/dL but your SHBG is 75 nmol/L, your calculated free T is likely below 8 ng/dL, well into the symptomatic range. The Vermeulen calculator catches this gap.

Reference range by age

Testosterone declines roughly 1-2% per year after age 30, so a "normal" level for a 25-year-old is very different from a "normal" level for a 55-year-old. Most reference labs (LabCorp, Quest) use age-stratified ranges that span roughly 240-950 ng/dL at age 20-29 and drop to 130-600 by age 70+. We compare your number to the age-matched range and also flag whether you're in the optimal zone (600-900 ng/dL), which corresponds to symptom-free physiology in most men, not just statistical normality.

ADAM low-T symptom score

The ADAM questionnaire was developed by John Morley at Saint Louis University and is one of the most widely used low-T screeners in primary care. The scoring rule is intentionally sensitive: a "yes" to question 1 (libido) or 7 (erection quality), or a "yes" to any 3 of the remaining 8 questions, flags a positive screen. ADAM is not diagnostic, it tells you whether the cluster of symptoms you're experiencing is consistent with what guys with biochemically confirmed low T report. A positive screen plus a morning total T below 300 ng/dL is the standard threshold for diagnosis.

Estradiol (E2) conversion

Two reasons men care about estradiol: (1) U.S. labs report E2 in pg/mL while EU/UK/AU labs use pmol/L, and (2) men on TRT need to monitor it because exogenous testosterone gets aromatized into estradiol. Too low (<15 pg/mL) and you'll feel joint pain, low libido, and low mood; too high (>50 pg/mL) and you risk water retention, gyno, and emotional volatility. The T:E2 ratio (T in ng/dL ÷ E2 in pg/mL) above ~10 is generally considered favorable.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Vermeulen formula accurate?

Yes, it's been validated against the gold standard (equilibrium dialysis) in multiple studies and is the formula recommended by the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male and most endocrinology societies. The two main alternatives, direct free T immunoassay and Tru-T, have known accuracy issues in the typical clinical range. Calculated free T using Vermeulen is what most experienced TRT physicians use.

What's the optimal free testosterone level?

Most lab reference ranges put the bottom of "normal" around 5 ng/dL (50 pg/mL). Most TRT physicians target 15-25 ng/dL (150-250 pg/mL) for symptom resolution. Below 6.5 ng/dL is generally considered hypogonadal regardless of total T.

Should I get a free T test or use this calculator?

Use the calculator. Direct free T immunoassays, what most U.S. labs run by default, are notoriously unreliable in the normal-range. Order total testosterone + SHBG + albumin (sometimes called a "free + total testosterone, calculated" panel), then plug those into the Vermeulen calculator. That's what your endocrinologist will do anyway.

What does a positive ADAM screen actually mean?

It means your symptom pattern is consistent with low testosterone, but ADAM is highly sensitive and not very specific, so plenty of men screen positive without low T (depression, sleep apnea, and thyroid issues all overlap). A positive screen is a green light to get a morning total T blood draw, not a diagnosis on its own.

How often should I retest?

Baseline draw should be done before 10 AM on two separate days at least a week apart (testosterone is diurnal and fluctuates). On TRT, most physicians recheck at 6 weeks after dose change, then every 3-6 months once stable, including total T, free T, E2 sensitive, hematocrit, and SHBG.

Two paths, both clinically validated

Total T under 400 ng/dL? Two clinically validated paths to optimize.

Testosterone Cypionate (TRT) directly replaces what your body isn't producing, fast, predictable, the gold standard for men with primary hypogonadism or who are done having children. Enclomiphene tells your testes to produce more on their own, preserves fertility, exits cleanly, ideal for younger men or those still planning a family. OPTML providers help you choose based on goals, age, and labs.

Licensed US providers Lab review included
Educational purposes only. The Testosterone Calculator provides educational estimates based on published clinical formulas and peer-reviewed research. It is not medical advice, does not constitute a prescription, and is not a substitute for evaluation by a licensed clinician. All medical decisions, including any treatment, medication, or dosing recommendations, are made exclusively by a U.S. licensed physician after individual patient evaluation through OPTML's intake process.
Methodology & Sources Click here for the formulas, datasets, and peer-reviewed studies behind this tool View details ↓Hide ↑

How this tool calculates

Testosterone levels are interpreted against the harmonized adult-male reference ranges published by Travison et al. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017) and the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for testosterone therapy. The tool flags values below the age-adjusted reference range and provides educational context.

Peer-reviewed sources

  1. 1.Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744.
  2. 2.Travison TG, Vesper HW, Orwoll E, et al. Harmonized Reference Ranges for Circulating Testosterone Levels in Men of Four Cohort Studies in the United States and Europe. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(4):1161-1173.
  3. 3.Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432.
  4. 4.Morgentaler A, Zitzmann M, Traish AM, et al. Fundamental Concepts Regarding Testosterone Deficiency and Treatment: International Expert Consensus Resolutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(7):881-896.

Important. This tool is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The tool does not prescribe medication, recommend specific dosing, or substitute for clinical evaluation. Compounded medications referenced anywhere on this site are not FDA-approved; the FDA does not verify the safety, effectiveness, or quality of compounded drugs. Treatment decisions are made only by a licensed U.S. physician after individual patient evaluation.