Kidney system

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

CO₂

The blood's buffering capacity — a marker of acid-base balance.

What is it

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) — in plain English.

Total carbon dioxide reflects bicarbonate levels in blood and indicates buffering capacity for acid-base balance.

Why it's measured

What CO₂ can reveal.

CO₂ has been used in evaluating acid-base status and respiratory function in clinical research.

Reference range

Where most laboratories draw the standard line.

Standard laboratory reference

23 – 29 mEq/L

Reference ranges vary by laboratory. Your individual reference range will appear on your test report and should be interpreted by your physician in the context of your overall health profile.

Where does your number land?

Drag to your own Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) result.

Educational only, not a diagnosis. Ranges vary by laboratory. See which panel includes Carbon Dioxide (CO₂).

What results may indicate

Higher vs. lower CO₂ — at a high level.

Elevated

Has been associated with respiratory and metabolic alkalosis in research literature.

Lower

Has been associated with metabolic acidosis in research literature.

These associations are general. They are not a personal diagnosis or prediction. Discuss your individual results with your physician in the context of your full health profile.

When it's measured

When CO₂ is typically run.

Part of standard electrolyte panels.

Related markers

Often measured alongside CO₂.

Common questions

Questions people ask about Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082)

What is Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082)?

Total carbon dioxide reflects bicarbonate levels in blood and indicates buffering capacity for acid-base balance.

Why is Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082) measured?

It's one of the markers used to build a fuller picture of your health. On its own it tells you very little, so it's most informative when reviewed alongside related markers.

How is Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082) tested?

It's measured from a standard blood draw at Quest or LabCorp. Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082) is one of the markers included in the OPTML Apex Panel, where your results are read across systems and reviewed by a U.S.-licensed physician.

What should I do with my Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082) result?

Reference ranges vary by laboratory, and a single value rarely tells the whole story. Review your result with a physician in the context of your other markers, symptoms, and history.

Not sure which panel is right for you?

Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082) is one signal among many. Answer a few quick questions and we’ll point you to the panel that fits.

Measured in

CO₂ is one of 160 biomarkers in the Apex Panel.

A complete look at your heart, hormones, metabolism, inflammation, and longevity systems — drawn at Quest or LabCorp, reviewed by a U.S.-licensed physician.

Find the right panel
160 biomarkers13 body systemsPhysician-reviewed
Back to all biomarkers

This information is for general educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Lab results alone are not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any condition and do not replace the advice of a healthcare provider. OPTML does not offer medical advice, a diagnosis, medical treatment, or any form of medical opinion.

Weight-loss medication disclaimer

OPTML offers compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide, prescribed and overseen by U.S.-licensed physicians. Compounded drug products are not approved or evaluated for safety, effectiveness, or quality by the FDA. OPTML is not associated with, endorsed by, or affiliated with the manufacturers of FDA-approved branded weight-loss medications, and does not sell or supply those branded products. Anyone interested in an FDA-approved branded medication should consult a licensed healthcare provider or pharmacist. Individual results vary; no specific result is promised, and weight management requires ongoing medical guidance.

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